Garlic Acid and GABRB3 Gene Role in Epileptic Seizure Manifestation
Mshelia Philemon Paul *
Department of Human Physiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Agbo John
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Suleiman Yusuf Alhaji
Department of Human Anatomy, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Apochi Obed Okwoli
National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The primary objective of this review is to explore the relationship between garlic acid and the GABRB3 gene in the context of epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, which result from abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Alterations in GABAergic signaling can significantly contribute to seizure susceptibility and propagation. Studies have shown that genetic mutations affecting GABA_A receptor subunits, such as those in the GABRB3 gene, are linked to various forms of epilepsy. These mutations can lead to a loss of function or altered receptor expression, resulting in reduced GABAergic inhibition and increased excitability within neural circuits. The interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission is critical; a deficiency in GABAergic signaling can lead to hyperexcitability and ultimately contribute to the onset of seizures. Therapeutic modulation of the GABAergic system has been a cornerstone in the treatment of epilepsy. Many antiseizure medications (ASMs) enhance GABAergic transmission by either increasing GABA availability or directly acting on GABA-A receptors. Garlic acid is notable for its potential health benefits, particularly in neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects. Garlic contains a variety of organosulfur compounds, including allicin, alliin, and diallyl sulfides, which contribute to its characteristic flavor and therapeutic properties. Given the increasing interest in natural compounds as adjunctive treatments for neurological disorders, this review aims to synthesize current literature on the neuroprotective effects of garlic acid, particularly its potential influence on GABAergic neurotransmission and seizure regulation. The interplay between garlic acid and the GABRB3 gene highlights a promising avenue for developing novel therapies for epilepsy. By enhancing GABAergic function and providing neuroprotection through its antioxidant properties, garlic acid may serve as an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with epilepsy linked to GABRB3 mutations. Future research can significantly advance the understanding of garlic acid's role in epilepsy treatment and contribute to developing effective, personalized therapies for patients suffering from this complex neurological disorder.
Keywords: Garlic acid, GABAergic, GABRB3, epilepsy, seizure, neurotransmission